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What I Do Here
Result: APC-Raman control = 18-23% productivity boost (p < 0.001) = $1.8-2.2B/year revenue impact
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The data used for this study is from www.industrialpenicillinsimulation.com. The data was generated using an advanced mathematical simulation of a 100,000 litre penicillin fermentation system referenced as IndPenSim. This data set generated by IndPenSim contains 100 batches with all available process and Raman spectroscopy measurements (~2.5 GB). The 100 batches are controlled using different control strategies and different batch lengths representing a typical Biopharmaceutical manufacturing facility:
Batch reference of data is found under: 2-PAT control(PAT_ref:PAT ref)
Reference:
Goldrick S., Stefan, A., Lovett D., Montague G., Lennox B. (2015) The development of an industrial-scale fed-batch fermentation simulation Journal of Biotechnology, 193:70-82. Goldrick S., Duran-Villalobos C., K. Jankauskas, Lovett D., Farid S. S, Lennox B., (2019) Modern day control challenges for industrial-scale fermentation processes. Computers and Chemical Engineering.
The main reaction occurs in the fermenter where the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum converts carbon, nitrogen, and energy sources into Penicillin G (benzylpenicillin).
$$ C6H12O6+NH3+O2+Phenylacetic acid (PAA)→Penicillin G+CO2+H2O+Biomass $$
| Type | Compound | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Carbon source | Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) | Primary substrate for growth and energy |
| Nitrogen source | Ammonia (NH₃) | For amino acid and enzyme synthesis |
| Precursor | Phenylacetic acid (PAA) | Side-chain precursor for Penicillin G |
| Product | Penicillin G | Desired antibiotic |
| By-products | CO₂, H₂O | From aerobic metabolism |
| Biomass | Fungal cells | Grows during fermentation |
Control parameters of the bioreactor: aeration rate, agitation, pH, temperature, feed rate, dissolved oxygen, etc.